[Installing Oracle DataBase Server 11.2.0.3 on Oracle Linux 6.3]: Configuring System Users and System Parameters
Before making changes to configuration files, it is recommended to create backup copies:
# {
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bkp
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bkp
cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bkp
cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bkp
}
Creating users and groups
Create groups:
# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
# groupadd -g 1001 dba
# groupadd -g 1002 oper
Create user oracle11, assign it to the dba and oinstall groups, and set its home directory to /home/oracle11
# useradd \
-g oinstall \
-G dba \
-d /home/oracle11 \
-m oracle11
Set a password for user oracle11
# passwd oracle11
Modifying kernel parameters and database administrator account parameters
- Edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file
It is recommended to comment out (put a # sign before them) any existing kernel.shmmax and kernel.shmall parameters. They will later be added as parameters along with the other Oracle parameters.
# sed -i.gres "s/kernel.shmmax/#kernel.shmmax/g" /etc/sysctl.conf
# sed -i.gres "s/kernel.shmall/#kernel.shmall/g" /etc/sysctl.conf
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = RAM (in bytes) / 2
2104307712 / 2 = 1052153856
The amount of RAM in bytes can be found with the command
# free -b
2104307712
Add the following kernel parameters to the end of the document.
############################################
#### Kernel Parameters for Oracle 11
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1052153856
kernel.shmmni = 4096
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 20000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
vm.min_free_kbytes = 23168
############################################
-
Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
Add the following lines
############################################
#### Settings required for Oracle 11
oracle11 soft nproc 2047
oracle11 hard nproc 16384
oracle11 soft nofile 1024
oracle11 hard nofile 65536
oracle11 soft stack 10240
oracle11 hard stack 32768
############################################
-
Edit the /etc/pam.d/login file
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
Add the following lines
############################################
#### Settings required for Oracle 11
session required pam_limits.so
############################################
-
Edit the /etc/profile file
# vi /etc/profile
Before
unset i
unset pathmunge
Add
############################################
#### Shell limits for Oracle 11 user accounts
if [ $USER = "oracle11" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
############################################
-
Edit the /home/oracle11/.bash_profile file
# vi /home/oracle11/.bash_profile
After
# User specific environment and startup programs
Add
############################################
#### Oracle Parameters
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/database/11.2
export ORACLE_SID=ora112
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ora112
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
############################################
Apply kernel parameters without rebooting with the following command:
# sysctl -p
Apply the variables defined in the .bash_profile file to the current bash session with the following command:
# source ~/.bash_profile