Creating backups using RMAN (Recovery Manager)
Backups can be stored in backup sets (default) and image copies:
- backup set - data is stored in a format understandable only to RMAN. A backup set consists of Backup pieces, each of which can be a copy of a data file or a copy of a control file, or a copy of archive logs.
- image copies - differ from copies created, for example, with the cp command, only in that information about them is recorded in the control file or recovery catalog.
Command:
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE;
Creates a backup as a backup set
Command:
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE;
Creates a backup as image copies
Command:
RMAN> LIST BACKUP;
Provides information about available backup sets
Command:
RMAN> LIST COPY;
Provides information about available image copies
Show the full list of archived logs
RMAN> list archivelog all;
You can back up a specific datafile.
RMAN> backup datafile 6;
The number can be found in
RMAN> report schema;
You can back up a specific tablespace.
RMAN> backup tablespace USERS, TEMP;
You can also compress backups to save space
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
RMAN> BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATAFILE 1;
Backups can have the following status:
- EXPIRED - RMAN marks backups and data copies as expired if, when running CROSSCHECK, references to missing or inaccessible files are found.
- OBSOLETE - a backup is considered obsolete if it is no longer needed for database recovery according to the current retention policy.
RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN> list expired backup;
Get information about files that need backup
RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP;
Create a backup, explicitly specifying the backup location:
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/%U';
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/%U';
Create a backup of archived logs:
Archive logs can be either included in the backup or not.
You can perform separate backup of archive logs.
RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL TAG "ARCHIVELOG_BACKUP";
TAG “ARCHIVELOG_BACKUP” - defines the name for the created archivelog backup as “ARCHIVELOG_BACKUP”.
With time intervals specified
RMAN> backup archivelog from time 'SYSDATE -1' DELETE ALL INPUT;
// I’m not sure what the parameters at the end mean
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset archivelog from time 'sysdate -2' not backed up 3 times;
If you enter the command:
RMAN> LIST BACKUPSET TAG "ARCHIVELOG_BACKUP";
You can quickly find a backup by name.
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
217 162.37M DISK 00:00:36 16.04.2012 12:57:41
BP Key: 229 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: ARCHIVELOG_BACKUP
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_16/o1_mf_annnn_ARCHIVELOG_BACKUP_7rqqq1tl_.bkp
List of Archived Logs in backup set 217
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 216 8545527 11.04.2012 22:01:01 8593981 12.04.2012 20:22:54
1 217 8593981 12.04.2012 20:22:54 8613050 13.04.2012 04:23:11
1 218 8613050 13.04.2012 04:23:11 8625132 13.04.2012 11:18:51
1 219 8625132 13.04.2012 11:18:51 8625196 13.04.2012 11:21:03
1 220 8625196 13.04.2012 11:21:03 8631647 13.04.2012 14:55:06
1 221 8631647 13.04.2012 14:55:06 8631674 13.04.2012 14:55:21
1 222 8631674 13.04.2012 14:55:21 8631745 13.04.2012 14:57:29
1 223 8631745 13.04.2012 14:57:29 8631799 13.04.2012 14:59:10
1 224 8631799 13.04.2012 14:59:10 8631966 13.04.2012 15:00:39
1 225 8631966 13.04.2012 15:00:39 8632827 13.04.2012 15:21:02
1 226 8632827 13.04.2012 15:21:02 8632880 13.04.2012 15:22:44
1 227 8632880 13.04.2012 15:22:44 8635557 13.04.2012 16:47:23
1 228 8635557 13.04.2012 16:47:23 8635605 13.04.2012 16:49:04
1 229 8635605 13.04.2012 16:49:04 8637304 13.04.2012 17:31:20
1 230 8637304 13.04.2012 17:31:20 8637363 13.04.2012 17:33:02
1 231 8637363 13.04.2012 17:33:02 8638314 13.04.2012 18:01:14
1 232 8638314 13.04.2012 18:01:14 8638384 13.04.2012 18:03:06
1 233 8638384 13.04.2012 18:03:06 8638470 13.04.2012 18:05:15
1 234 8638470 13.04.2012 18:05:15 8638540 13.04.2012 18:06:57
1 235 8638540 13.04.2012 18:06:57 8639146 13.04.2012 18:27:51
1 236 8639146 13.04.2012 18:27:51 8639204 13.04.2012 18:29:33
1 237 8639204 13.04.2012 18:29:33 8639566 13.04.2012 18:39:55
1 238 8639566 13.04.2012 18:39:55 8639637 13.04.2012 18:41:36
1 239 8639637 13.04.2012 18:41:36 8639730 13.04.2012 18:43:30
1 240 8639730 13.04.2012 18:43:30 8639757 13.04.2012 18:44:14
1 241 8639757 13.04.2012 18:44:14 8639788 13.04.2012 18:45:06
1 242 8639788 13.04.2012 18:45:06 8639850 13.04.2012 18:46:47
1 243 8639850 13.04.2012 18:46:47 8661907 14.04.2012 04:24:15
1 244 8661907 14.04.2012 04:24:15 8710176 15.04.2012 04:25:00
1 245 8710176 15.04.2012 04:25:00 8734000 15.04.2012 14:01:51
1 246 8734000 15.04.2012 14:01:51 8771516 16.04.2012 10:10:40
1 247 8771516 16.04.2012 10:10:40 8776238 16.04.2012 12:57:02
Create a copy of the current CONTROLFILE
RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE TAG "CONTROLFILE";
Create a copy of SPFILE
RMAN> BACKUP SPFILE TAG "SPFILE";
Creating a full backup:
Full backup (FULL BACKUP) - includes all data files, control file, and server parameter file (spfile).
RMAN> BACKUP FULL DATABASE TAG "FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP" PLUS ARCHIVELOG TAG "FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BACKUP";
RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
200 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:03 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BACKUP
201 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:10 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
202 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:12 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
203 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:13 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
204 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:46 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
205 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:41:28 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
206 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:41:35 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
207 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:41:37 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BACKUP
Key - Unique identification key.
TY - Backup type: backup set (B) or copy (P).
LV - F - file; A - Archivelogs.
S - Backup status: A (available), U (unavailable), or X (all backup pieces in set expired). Refer to the CHANGE, CROSSCHECK, and DELETE commands for an explanation of each status.
RMAN> BACKUP FULL DATABASE TAG "FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE" PLUS ARCHIVELOG TAG "FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BEFORE_UPGRADE";
RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
200 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:03 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BACKUP
201 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:10 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
202 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:12 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
203 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:13 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
204 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:40:46 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
205 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:41:28 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
206 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:41:35 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP
207 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:41:37 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BACKUP
208 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:44:23 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BEFORE_UPGRADE
209 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:45:14 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BEFORE_UPGRADE
210 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:45:21 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
211 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:45:23 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
212 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:45:24 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
213 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:45:57 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
214 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:46:40 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
215 B F A DISK 13.04.2012 18:46:46 1 1 YES FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
216 B A A DISK 13.04.2012 18:46:48 1 1 YES FULL_ARCHIVELOGS_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Get information about the created backup.
RMAN> LIST BACKUP TAG "FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE";
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
210 Full 1.02M DISK 00:00:00 13.04.2012 18:45:21
BP Key: 222 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_13/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_7rjh01to_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 210
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
5 Full 8639798 13.04.2012 18:45:21 /u02/oradata/ora112/my_indexes01.dbf
7 Full 8639798 13.04.2012 18:45:21 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data02.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
211 Full 1.28M DISK 00:00:01 13.04.2012 18:45:23
BP Key: 223 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_13/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_7rjh02yy_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 211
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
6 Full 8639799 13.04.2012 18:45:22 /u02/oradata/ora112/my_data01.dbf
12 Full 8639799 13.04.2012 18:45:22 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data07.dbf
13 Full 8639799 13.04.2012 18:45:22 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data08.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
212 Full 1.02M DISK 00:00:00 13.04.2012 18:45:24
BP Key: 224 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_13/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_7rjh044h_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 212
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
10 Full 8639800 13.04.2012 18:45:24 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data05.dbf
11 Full 8639800 13.04.2012 18:45:24 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data06.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
213 Full 121.24M DISK 00:00:32 13.04.2012 18:45:57
BP Key: 225 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_13/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_7rjh059r_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 213
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
2 Full 8639802 13.04.2012 18:45:25 /u02/oradata/ora112/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 8639802 13.04.2012 18:45:25 /u02/oradata/ora112/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 8639802 13.04.2012 18:45:25 /u02/oradata/ora112/users01.dbf
8 Full 8639802 13.04.2012 18:45:25 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data03.dbf
14 Full 8639802 13.04.2012 18:45:25 /u02/oradata/ORA112/datafile/o1_mf_my_data_7oy0k0vr_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
214 Full 191.88M DISK 00:00:40 13.04.2012 18:46:40
BP Key: 226 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_13/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_7rjh18jk_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 214
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 Full 8639822 13.04.2012 18:46:00 /u02/oradata/ora112/system01.dbf
9 Full 8639822 13.04.2012 18:46:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/my_data04.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
215 Full 1.09M DISK 00:00:01 13.04.2012 18:46:46
BP Key: 227 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_UPGRADE
Piece Name: /u03/oracle_backups/fra/ORA112/backupset/2012_04_13/o1_mf_ncsnf_FULL_DATABASE_BEFORE_7rjh2ppm_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12.04.2012 20:22:52
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA112
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 8639845 Ckp time: 13.04.2012 18:46:45
Creating multiple copies at once:
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET COPIES 2 DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/1/%U' , '/tmp/2/%U';
Get data on backup command results:
SQL> set pagesize 0;
SQL> select start_time as "Data", status as "Result" from v$rman_backup_job_details order by 1 desc;
16.04.2012 12:57:02 FAILED
13.04.2012 17:16:30 FAILED
13.04.2012 17:09:45 COMPLETED
13.04.2012 17:05:32 COMPLETED
13.04.2012 17:03:20 COMPLETED
13.04.2012 17:01:37 COMPLETED
13.04.2012 14:55:06 FAILED
13.04.2012 14:31:26 FAILED
13.04.2012 13:43:18 FAILED
13.04.2012 11:07:47 FAILED
09.04.2012 21:17:13 COMPLETED
09.04.2012 21:02:48 COMPLETED
12 rows selected.